![]() ![]() ![]() Many nonverbal or nearly nonverbal children and adults learn to use communication systems such as pictures (image at left), sign language, electronic word processors or even speech-generating devices. With therapy, however, most people with autism do learn to use spoken language and all can learn to communicate. Others experience significant language delays and don’t begin to speak until much later. Some infants who later develop autism coo and babble during the first few months of life before losing these communicative behaviors. When offered something distasteful, they can make clear – by sound or expression – that the answer is “no.”īy contrast, young children with autism tend to be delayed in babbling and speaking and learning to use gestures. By the first birthday, most typically developing toddlers say a word or two, turn and look when they hear their names, point to objects they want or want to show to someone (not all cultures use pointing in this way). Frustration can also result in self-injurious behaviors such as head banging, hair pulling or self-biting.īy age three, most children have passed predictable milestones on the path to learning language. The tendency to “lose control” may be particularly pronounced in unfamiliar, overwhelming or frustrating situations. It can also lead to disruptive and physically aggressive behavior. This can take the form of seemingly “immature” behavior such as crying or having outbursts in inappropriate situations. It is common – but not universal – for those with autism to have difficulty regulating emotions. This, in turn, can interfere with the ability to predict or understand another person’s actions. A person with autism may lack such understanding. Most five year olds understand that other people have different thoughts, feelings and goals than they have. Many persons with autism have similar difficulty seeing things from another person’s perspective. ![]() Without the ability to interpret gestures and facial expressions, the social world can seem bewildering. To a person who misses these social cues, a statement like “Come here!” may mean the same thing, regardless of whether the speaker is smiling and extending her arms for a hug or frowning and planting her fists on her hips. Subtle social cures such as a smile, wave or grimace may convey little meaning. Both children and adults with autism also tend to have difficulty interpreting what others are thinking and feeling. To parents, it may seem as if their child is disconnected. However the way they express this attachment can be unusual. Research suggests that children with autism are attached to their parents. They may fail to seek comfort or respond to parents’ displays of anger or affection in typical ways. By toddlerhood, many children with autism have difficulty playing social games, don’t imitate the actions of others and prefer to play alone. By 8 to 10 months of age, many infants who go on to develop autism are showing some symptoms such as failure to respond to their names, reduced interest in people and delayed babbling. They gaze at faces, turn toward voices, grasp a finger and even smile by 2 to 3 months of age. By contrast, most children who develop autism have difficulty engaging in the give-and-take of everyday human interactions. Typically developing infants are social by nature. ![]()
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