![]() ![]() I descended from the dwelling of the chief of Sethu and Irthet after I had explored these countries. Never before was the like brought to this land. When I descended I brought gifts from this country in very great quantity. “His majesty sent me a second time alone I went forth upon the Elephantine road, and I descended from Irthet, Mekher, Tereres, Irtheth, being an affair of eight months. Like his first expedition, the purpose of this one was also for trade, Harkhuf’s second expedition is said to have been a solo one, in which the governor “went forth upon the Elephantine road”. ![]() Top Ten Ancient Egyptian Discoveries of 2014.Egyptian Blue – The Oldest Known Artificial Pigment.At the end of the expedition, “all (kinds of) gifts from it” were brought back to Egypt, for which he was “very greatly praised”. The two men were there to “explore a road into this country ”, which they managed to do “in only seven months”. During the first expedition, Harkhuf travelled to the south with his father, the “ritual priest Iry”. In Harkhuf’s account, the governor stated that he had made four expeditions into Nubia during his lifetime. Harkhuf in a relief from his tomb at Qubbet el-Hawa. As the title of this text suggests, this inscription belonged to a man named Harkhuf, a governor of Upper Egypt who lived during the 6th Dynasty (around 2345 BC – 2181 BC), and served under the pharaohs Merenre and Pepi II. The clues for Yam’s whereabouts can be found in a tomb inscription known as the Autobiography of Harkhuf. Nevertheless, these are not clear enough, and modern scholars have disagreed with each other as to how such clues should be understood. There are some clues in the ancient sources as to where Yam is situated. The main mystery about Yam is its exact location. Other than that, nothing much can be said with certain about this kingdom. ![]() Based on these texts, we know that the people of Yam had contacts, specifically trade and military, with the ancient Egyptians of the Old Kingdom. Not much is known about this ancient kingdom, and what little we do know about it comes from a few Egyptian texts belonging to the Old Kingdom period. Yam was an African kingdom that existed in ancient times. ![]()
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